Outdoors · O04-01 · Staying warm
Staying Warm
Layers, wet and cold, hypothermia — how to stay warm outdoors and what to do when someone gets too cold
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Levels this guide covers
72 hours2 weeks3 months1 year+
In short
- Wet and wind chill you far more than temperature alone — hypothermia is possible even at +10 °C (50 °F).
- Three layers, no cotton next to the skin: the base layer wicks sweat, the mid layer insulates, the outer layer protects from wind and rain.
- Take a layer off before you sweat, put it on before you get cold.
- Eat and drink regularly — food is fuel for warmth; alcohol only seems to warm you.
- Someone who stops shivering but is cold, confused or drowsy is an emergency. Gently, lying flat, insulation, and call for help.
What's inside
- 01How the Body Loses Heat
- 02Wind and Wet: Colder Than the Thermometer Says
- 03Layers: How to Dress
- 04Head, Hands and Feet
- 05Staying Dry: Sweat and Rain
- 06Food and Drink as Fuel
- 07How to Warm Up Safely
- 08Hypothermia: Recognize It and Help
- 09Frostbite and Trench Foot
- 10Children, Older People and Special Situations
- 11The Most Common Mistakes
- 12Printable Checklist
Worksheets (appendices)
- ASomeone Is Hypothermic — What First?
- BLayers by Temperature
- CCold-Weather Packing List
- DHypothermia Record
- EEquipment by Priority
- FLocal Information Card
- GWorked Example — Skiing with Kids and a Rainy Hike
Sources are listed on the last page of every guide.
A look inside
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